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A thick flat washer with an outer diameter of 50 mm, inner diameter of 16.5 mm, and thickness of 7 mm, finished with a black oxide coating, was used to distribute the clamping load and protect the base material.

To prevent surface deformation under high preload, a custom thick washer (50 mm OD, 16.5 mm ID, 7 mm thick) was installed beneath the bolt head. The washer is made of carbon steel and features a black oxide finish to provide mild corrosion resistance while maintaining dimensional stability and a low-reflectivity appearance.
A thick flat washer with an outer diameter of 50 mm, inner diameter of 16.5 mm, and thickness of 7 mm, finished with a black oxide coating, was used to distribute the clamping load and protect the base material.

To prevent surface deformation under high preload, a custom thick washer (50 mm OD, 16.5 mm ID, 7 mm thick) was installed beneath the bolt head. The washer is made of carbon steel and features a black oxide finish to provide mild corrosion resistance while maintaining dimensional stability and a low-reflectivity appearance.